Καταδίωξη, ένα νέο αδίκημα ..Της Ιωάννας Παπαγεωργιου

http://www.neurope.eu/article/stalking-new-offence-covers-trolling

«Καταδίωξη» και «Καταδίωξη που αφορούν το φόβο της βίας» έχουν γίνει πλέον  ποινικό αδίκημα σύμφωνα με  το τμήμα 111 της προστασίας των ελευθεριών Act 2012 , το οποίο προσθέτει ένα 2Α τμήμα για την προστασία από την παρενόχληση Act 1997.

Από την πράξη

(3) Τα ακόλουθα είναι παραδείγματα πράξεων ή παραλείψεων που, υπό ειδικές συνθήκες, είναι αυτά που σχετίζονται με την καταδίωξη-

(Α) μετά από ένα άτομο,
(β) την επαφή, ή προσπαθεί να έρθει σε επαφή, ένα πρόσωπο με οποιονδήποτε τρόπο,
(γ) τη δημοσίευση κάθε δήλωση ή άλλο υλικό-

(I) που αφορούν ή που υποτίθεται ότι αφορούν ένα πρόσωπο, ή
(ii) που υποτίθεται ότι προέρχονται από ένα άτομο,

(Δ) την παρακολούθηση της χρήσης από ένα άτομο από το διαδίκτυο, ηλεκτρονικό ταχυδρομείο ή οποιαδήποτε άλλη μορφή ηλεκτρονικής επικοινωνίας,
(ε) περιφέρονται άσκοπα σε οποιοδήποτε μέρος (δημόσιο ή ιδιωτικό),
(στ) να παρεμβαίνει με οποιαδήποτε ιδιότητα στην κατοχή ενός προσώπου,

(Ζ) την παρακολούθηση ή την κατασκοπεία σε ένα πρόσωπο.

Ένα πρόσωπο ένοχο αδικήματος δυνάμει του παρόντος άρθρου είναι υπεύθυνο για συνοπτική καταδίκη σε φυλάκιση για χρονικό διάστημα που δεν υπερβαίνει τiς 51 εβδομάδες, ή πρόστιμο.

Οι νέοι νόμοι για καταδίωξη θα μπορούσε ενδεχομένως να είναι αποτελεσματικοί για την παρενόχληση με ηλεκτρονικά μέσα, γνωστά ως συρτή, καθώς και. Τα αδικήματα αυτά είναι η τελική κατάληξη της Κοινοβουλευτικής Ανεξάρτητης έρευνας σε Stalking Μεταρρύθμισης του Δικαίου που ανέφεραν το Φεβρουάριο του 2012. Ήρθαν σε ισχύ στις 25 Νοεμβρίου για να συμπέσει με την παγκόσμια ημέρα για την εξάλειψη της βίας κατά των γυναικών και να καθίσει μαζί με την ισχύουσα νομοθεσία.

Τα νέα αδικήματα που προστίθενται για  την προστασία από το νόμο παρενόχληση 1997, η οποία στο τμήμα 1 (1) ορίζει ένα πρόσωπο δεν πρέπει να ακολουθήσει μια πορεία της συμπεριφοράς:

η οποία ανέρχεται σε άλλη παρενόχληση, και
που γνωρίζει ή θα έπρεπε να γνωρίζουν τα ποσά για την παρενόχληση των άλλων

Το δεύτερο σκέλος του αδικήματος απαγορεύει μια συμπεριφορά που προκαλεί «σοβαρές συναγερμού ή αγωνία», η οποία έχει «σημαντικές αρνητικές συνέπειες για την ημέρα με την ημέρα δραστηριότητες του θύματος» και φέρνει μαζί της μια απειλή φυλάκισης μέχρι πέντε έτη .Αυτά έχουν σκοπό να αναδείξει τη σημασία και πολύ σοβαρή απειλή της παρενόχλησης και καταδίωξη.

Clare Bernal πυροβολήθηκε και σκοτώθηκε στο κατάστημα Harvey Nichols στο Knightsbridge το Σεπτέμβριο του 2005. Michael Pech άρχισε την καταδίωξη της μετά απο  σύντομη «σχέση» που  είχε τελειώσει.σε τρεις εβδομάδες Η  Bernal αφού είχε παρενοχληθείγια ένα χρονικό διάστημα, μια μέρα που την ακολούθησε από τη δουλειά και μπλοκαρε την αποβίβαση από το τρένο. Του είπε να την αφήσει μόνη της ή ότι θα καλέσει την αστυνομία. Εκείνος της είπε «αν τολμάς ..θα σε σκοτώσω» και «αν δεν μπορείς να έχεις, κανείς δεν θα". Διώκεται βάσει του άρθρου 2 του νόμου 1997 και παραβίασε εγγύηση σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις. Εν αναμονή πρότασης επέστρεψε στη Σλοβακία και αγόρασε ένα όπλο. Την Τρίτη 13 Σεπτεμβρίου,ο Pech μπήκε στο κατάστημα Harvey Nicholls, περπάτησε  πίσω απο την Clare και  την πυροβόλησε στο κεφάλι τέσσερις φορές. Γύρισε τότε το όπλο στον εαυτό του.

Οι γυναίκες ηλικίας 15-44 διατρέχουν μεγαλύτερο κίνδυνο από το βιασμό και την ενδοοικογενειακή βία παρά από καρκίνο, τροχαία ατυχήματα, τον πόλεμο και την ελονοσία, σύμφωνα με στοιχεία της Παγκόσμιας Τράπεζας.

Αρχικά ένα blog post σχετικά με Εφήμερες Digest

ΣΧΕΤΙΚΆ ΜΕ ΤΟΝ ΣΥΓΓΡΑΦΈΑ

Ιωάννα Παπαγεωργίου

Stalking, a new offence covers trolling?

ARTICLE | NOVEMBER 26, 2012 - 1:22PM | BY JOANNA PAPAGEORGIOU

Stalking’ and ‘Stalking involving a fear of violence’ have now become criminal offencesunder Section 111 of the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012, which adds a section 2A to the Protection From Harassment Act 1997.

From the act

(3)The following are examples of acts or omissions which, in particular circumstances, are ones associated with stalking—

(a)following a person,
(b)contacting, or attempting to contact, a person by any means,
(c)publishing any statement or other material—

(i)relating or purporting to relate to a person, or
(ii)purporting to originate from a person,

(d)monitoring the use by a person of the internet, email or any other form of electronic communication,
(e)loitering in any place (whether public or private),
(f)interfering with any property in the possession of a person,

(g)watching or spying on a person.

A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 51 weeks, or a fine.

The new laws on stalking could possibly be effective for harassment by electronic means, known as trolling, as well. These offences are the final culmination of the Independent Parliamentary Inquiry into Stalking Law Reform which reported in February 2012. They came into effect on 25 November to coincide with the international day for the elimination of violence against womenand sit alongside the existing legislation.

The new offences are added in to the Protection from Harassment Act 1997 which in Section 1(1) states a person must not pursue a course of conduct:

which amounts to harassment of another, and
which he knows or ought to know amounts to harassment of the other

The second arm of the offence prohibits a course of conduct which causes 'serious alarm or distress' which has a 'substantial adverse effect on the day-to-day activities of the victim' and brings with it a threat of imprisonment up to five years. These are meant to highlight the importance and very serious threat of harassment and stalking.

Clare Bernal was shot dead in Harvey Nichols store in Knightsbridge in September 2005. Michael Pech began stalking her after their brief three week ‘relationship’ had ended. After he had harassed Bernal for a period of time, one day he followed her from work and blocked her getting off the train. She told him to leave her alone or she would call the police. He told her ‘if you dare report me I will kill you’ and ‘if I can’t have you, nobody will’. He was charged under section 2 of the 1997 Act and breached bail on a number of occasions. Whilst awaiting sentence he went back to Slovakia and purchased a gun. On Tuesday 13 September, Pech entered the Harvey Nicholls store, walked up behind Clare and shot her in the head four times. He then turned the gun on himself.

Women aged 15-44 are more at risk from rape and domestic violence than from cancer, car accidents, war and malaria, according to World Bank data.

Originally a blog post on Ephemeral Digest

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Joanna Papageorgiou

#TAGGED

Abuse,

Aggression,

Behavior,

Bullying,

Clare Bernal,

Crime,

Crimes,

Ethics,

Harassment,

Michael Pech,

Private,

Protection from Harassment Act,

Sex crimes,

Sexual assault,

Stalking,

Technology,

Taxonomy

Bristol Launches Own Currency To Promote Trade..Νόμισμα δικό του και το Bristol της Αγγλίας

ARTICLE | SEPTEMBER 27, 2012 - 4:41PM | BY JOANNA PAPAGEORGIOU 

ιn NEW EUROPE http://www.neurope.eu/article/bristol-launches-own-currency-promote-trade

With a fair amount of fanfare, many stalls, some pole dancing and musical acts in the Glass Arcade at St Nicholas Market, the Bristol pound officially launched on Wednesday, 19 September. 

The complementary currency is a not-for-profit partnership between Bristol Pound Community Interest Company (CIC) and Bristol Credit Union. The money is guaranteed by the credit union and backed by the city council and traders.

Director Ciaran Mundy is one member of a team which has voluntarily come together to bring this project into existence in order to keep money local and support independent trade.

There is paper money which can be purchased at exchange points for a £1 to £B1 rate. the designs are local too, and were chosen after a competition which saw the winners include a Banksy inspiration of a mouse spray-painting a wall. Electronic money transfers are available with customers able to pay by text message instantly.

To make the scheme even more attractive to companies, the Bristol City Council accepts business rates and tax in £B. The big reason for its promotion by the City Council is the idea of the money staying in the city. “Eighty percent of the money leaves the area if it is spent with a multinational – but 80% stays if it is spent at a local trader” said Munday to the AFP.

Bristol joins other cities Totnes, Lewes, Stroud and Brixton with its new closed circuit currency. It comes in denominations of £B1, £B5, £B10 and £B20 but there are no coins as yet. The notes have an expiry date on them of September 2015 but let’s wait and see. They do not replace pounds sterling but maybe they have come to stay.

Unemployed Hack, a favourite blog

 by stillawake

Posted on December 27, 2011

The Unemployed Hack calls himself a downwardly mobile journalist and his blog recounts memories of times as a tabloid journalist to day to day recallings of signing on and dealing with a very low income.
He has been unemployed for almost six months now. He was previously a reporter, a feature writer, a travel writer, a critic. He has even designed pages and also been a lecturer. Oh, and a bingo operative but that was a long time ago.
In his own words:

I used to be a tabloid hack. I’ve knocked on the doors of the bereaved, had doors slammed in my face, been chased by dogs up driveways. I’ve blagged my way into hotels to chase celebs, asked footballers who they are “intimate” with and attended strip shows all in the name of journalism.
As the nation turns on the “dark” activities of tabloid journalism I can’t share your moral outrage. I could point out that the police hack the phones of political activists all the time, and they do, but really I miss the camaraderie, the gang mentality that comes from being as hated as estate agents.

More importantly, he is a very good read.
http://unemployedhack.wordpress.com

Not laughing at women? you should

 By ============

Joanna Papageorgiou

===============

Malcolm Gladwell’s book Blink can be summed up as ‘trust your instinct except when it’s wrong’. Simplistic, certainly, and a description that may not get at the very readable account that Gladwell presents. His point is that experts should rely on their gut instinct and the rest of us would benefit from trying to identify from where we gain our instinctive reactions. If we are not experts then they must necessarily come from biases because we don’t have all the information.
This occurred to me when I saw Dara Obrian tweet a self-proclaimed feminist, Sianushka, about women in comedy clubs. She asked ‘why don’t Mock The Week hire more female comedians’? He replied along the lines of ‘because that would be positive discrimination’ (I’m paraphrasing). Sianushka went on to say something about weak cultural assumptions, e.g. women = bad drivers and it sounded like the wrong argument.
Are women put off by ‘vague cultural assumptions’ Dara asked? Female comedians he knew would find that insulting.
The argument was all backwards.
It’s like asking a selective university like Oxford or Cambridge why they don’t have more working class students. Most of the time they would answer that those students don’t apply. Those students don’t get the grades to apply to selective institutions. The biggest predictor of going to university is achieving the grades.
I don’t know why there aren’t as many female as male comedians but I am pretty sure that it’s not because the person booking the acts decided not to let women perform. I could be wrong. Perhaps the idea that women comedians aren’t funny is a lot more pervasive than I think.
There have been studies that have tried to prove discrimination in the practices of admissions tutors for entries in higher education. The studies don’t usually do very well at proving bias.
The bigger reason is that students don’t apply. Some think that students don’t apply because of tuition fees. The fees that were introduced in 2006, then the ones that will cost up to £9000 a year from 2012. No matter that the students won’t have to pay up front. That the poorest students who may earn the least will pay the least. That free higher education is also free to those who pay thousands of pounds to secondary school.
The perception of higher education isn’t the same for all people. Some students grow up surrounded by people who have gone to university, who have at least one degree, who have been interviewed, who know what courses to take, what subjects to study, what to do and how to proceed. Then there are other students who know no one who has gone on to tertiary education. People who have never left the area in which they grew up let alone leave home to go to university or even for an interview.
So why did I think of that when the comedian and the feminist were tweeting? Because she made a very weak argument with the bad drivers example. Not because people don’t think it – they may, I don’t know. I guarantee however that insurers don’t think it and when it comes to paying for bad drivers, 18 year old boy drivers are paying huge premiums because of reality rather than rumours.
The professionals know the difference and like Gladwell pointed out – if you’re not an expert then examine your biases. But who are the experts in the comedy world? And why aren’t women better represented? Any ideas? Here’s an article on this subject from the @sianushka. I don’t have an answer but I like the question.

Poetry with Romola Garai at St George’s

By    =================
JOANNA PAPAGEORGIOU
=====================

Romola Garai read poetry at St George’s on Monday, September 19. Luckily for Jonathan Davidson, the special guest, she went second because no matter how lovely his poetry was, it would have been difficult to compete with the smoldering and sensuous tones of the young actress.
The most surprisingly sensual poem of all was about a pint of stout. The most inspiring poem about love was by Derek Walcott.
It was all a bit surprising but it was a real pleasure to discover some poets of whom I’d never heard before. The following was my favourite.
Love After Love
The time will come
when, with elation,
you will greet yourself arriving
at your own door, in your own mirror,
and each will smile at the other’s welcome
and say, sit here. Eat.
You will love again the stranger who was your self.
Give wine. Give bread. Give back your heart
to itself, to the stranger who has loved you
all your life, whom you have ignored
for another, who knows you by heart.
Take down the love letters from the bookshelf,
the photographs, the desperate notes,
peel your own image from the mirror.
Sit. Feast on your life.
Derek Walcott, Collected Poems 1948-1984, New York, Farrar Straus Giroux, 1986.